SPRING development
1970 Hydrologic Engineering Center, US-Army:
Finite Element Solution of Steady State Potential Flow Problems


The base of SPRING (formerly SICK 100)




1977 Development of graphic routines to represent the results
State of the art in those days:
"Large computer" TR440
Input: punch cards, Output: lists
Limit of the program or the computer:
400 Elements/nodes,
100 Potentials,
20 different k-values,
Maximum band width: 50 (band width optimization "manually")


1979/80 Automatic calibration method with the help of the hydraulic gradient
Free surface in horizontal and vertical models
Data generator to reduce the manual input
Numeric and graphic data control to reduce input errors


1981 Stream line model for long-strechted aquifers (numeric problems of the potential model)


1982/83 Automatic band width optimization
New equation solver (skyline-technique)
Digitizing data 
Automatic interpolation of data to FE-mesh nodes








1984 US Geological Survey/US Air Force:
SUTRA, Saturated-Unsaturated Transport
The base of the nowadays high-end-module SPRING-SITRA


1986/87 3D representation of the model data and results
Multi-layer models






1988-91 Pre-processor SUSI (nowadays module XSUSI) for the graphic-interactive mesh generation with attribute assignment






1988-92 3D calculations with integrated data generation transport model - spreading of pollutants






1992 Development of the post-processor XPLT for the graphic representation, interactive modifying and output of results






1993-98 3D fracture generation, fracture-matrix-calculation






1994-96 Changing the pre- and post-processors XPLT and (X)SUSI from GKS to X11/Motif, complete graphic-interactive and batch-file controlled main-processing






1994-98 Multi-phase flow in heterogenious porous media 






1995 Method of the inverse modeling






1998/99 Transient transport of nuclides






2000/01 Discrete calculation of cracks in gravity dams (hydrofracturing)






2002 Transport with inverse flow






2003 Flooding simulation of cavities (i.e. mines)






2004 Well controlling in the siphon line processe






2005 Zoning of parameters for the simulation of heat transport 






2006 Considering transient evaporation rates in the transport calculation 






2007 Re-injection of concentrations/temperatures






2008 Flow direction-related water systems with balancing the existing masses 






2009 Derivation of water levels from the run-off specific flow (steady-state and transient)






And it will go on: Yesterday - today - tomorrow...